[Cyclophosphamide induced urinary bladder and renal pelvic tumor--a case report].

We present a case of asynchronous development of transitional cell carcinoma in urinary bladder and renal pelvis after prolonged cyclophosphamide therapy. A 57-year-old woman had received 290 g cyclophosphamide for 13 years because of therapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. She was suffered from dysuria and macrohematuria and visited our clinic. Cystoscopy, CT and MRI revealed invasive bladder tumor and total cystectomy was performed. Histological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma, G3 < G2, pT4. Six months after the cystectomy, a follow up urography and computerized tomography showed left renal pelvic tumor. The patient underwent total nephroureterectomy, and the histological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma, G3, pT3. We reviewed cyclophosphamide induced urothelial carcinomas from Japanese and world literatures.