Decades of Scientific Data and Global Media Reporting on Complications in Non-surgical Aesthetic Treatments for a Transparent Safety Profile: Kissing Snow White Awake.

INTRODUCTION

Non-surgical aesthetic treatments (NSATs) have gained significant traction over the past two decades, prized for their minimally invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and rapid outcomes. Yet complications associated with these procedures remain underreported, inadequately studied, and inconsistently regulated, compromising patient safety.

METHODOLOGY: This mixed-methods study synthesised global data from 457 peer-reviewed studies, 37,250 media articles, 2.28 million social media posts, and regulatory databases, encompassing 231,475 documented complications. Statistical methodologies, including Cox proportional hazards models, Bayesian hierarchical modelling, and geospatial mapping, were employed to evaluate risk trends. Machine learning algorithms forecasted emerging risks, while sensitivity analyses addressed potential data biases.

RESULTS

Dermal fillers accounted for 42% of complications, chiefly granulomas, vascular occlusions, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Botulinum toxin A contributed 15% of cases, predominantly mild adverse effects such as headache, ptosis, and bruising. Thread lift procedures were marred by frequent extrusion and infection rates. The safest products were identified as Prabotulinumtoxin A, Juvéderm high-viscosity fillers, Profhilo, APTOS Light Lift, microneedling radiofrequency devices, Ultherapy, and EMFACE, each demonstrating > 85% safety probability. Predictive models highlighted escalating risks linked to unregulated therapies (e.g. exosomes), while geospatial analysis revealed stark regional disparities, with Asia reporting 34% of complications-attributed to medical tourism and variable oversight.

CONCLUSION

While advancements like standardised complication registries and ultrasound-guided techniques herald progress, transformative measures are imperative. These include mandating adverse event reporting, harmonising global regulatory frameworks, and integrating AI-driven surveillance systems. The field must prioritise transparency, rigorous credentialling, and patient-centred ethics to ensure its evolution aligns with uncompromising safety standards.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .