Preventive Health Examinations Part II.

Screening of the newborn begins in the case room with a search for gross congenital anomalies. Early detection of such anomalies may help to prevent serious consequences. Problems include spina bifida, cleft palate, orthopedic abnormalities, congenital heart disease, imperforate anus, and esophageal atresia. In the hospital nursery, tests for phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, hearing impairment, strabismus, and congenital hip dislocation are performed. Studies indicate that five to six well-baby visits in the first two years of life provide adequate screening of healthy infants from intact homes. During well-baby visits the physician should monitor rate of growth and risk of child abuse, and take steps to prevent childhood injuries. Appropriate screening for these conditions in every Canadian child will improve the health of the population.