Enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo adicional asociado con nacimiento pretérmino en México: un estudio de casos y controles.

INTRODUCTION

Substances related to microorganisms involved in periodontal disease can reach the maternal-fetal interface via the hematogenous route and stimulate uterine contractility.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association between periodontal disease and preterm birth.

METHOD: Case-control study in 343 preterm and 686 full-term pregnant women. Gestational age was calculated based on the date of the last menstrual period and confirmed with Capurro and Ballard methods. Periodontal disease was diagnosed according to the depth of the space between the tooth root and the gum. The association was measured with logistic regression.

RESULTS

Maternal age of the cases was 23.8 ± 6.7 years, and 23.2 ± 6.7 in the controls. Periodontal disease was present in 66.8% of cases and 40.5% of controls. The factors associated with preterm birth were periodontal disease (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.26), history of preterm birth (OR = 4.96), unplanned pregnancy (OR = 2.15) poor prenatal control (OR = 2.53), urinary tract infection (OR = 2.22), preeclampsia (OR = 4.49), premature rupture of membranes (OR = 2.59) and caesarean section delivery (OR = 9.15).

CONCLUSION

Periodontal disease in pregnancy was an independent risk factor for preterm birth.