Common peroneal nerve injury during a straight leg raising test, the result of an intraneural ganglion.

We report a case of iatrogenic common peroneal nerve (CPN) injury during a straight-leg raising test. Significant swelling in the CPN was observed on ultrasound, most likely due to the loss of the normal fascicular pattern. A postoperative pathological diagnosis indicated a sheath ganglion and high degree of mucinous degeneration of the CPN. A follow-up 3 months after the operation showed marked improvement in the patient's symptoms, corroborated by an electromyogram.