Development of a cholera toxin B subunit-adjuvanted Helicobacter pylori multi-epitope vaccine and evaluation of its immunization effect in mice.

This study used epitope screening technology to identify dominant T/B cell epitopes from the Helicobacter pylori virulence factors UreB, CagA, VacA and HpaA, (UCVH) and develop an effective vaccine. These epitopes were fused in series with the cholera toxin B subunit to develop a multivalent fusion vaccine. The immunogenicity of the recombinant vaccine was systematically evaluated after it was administered to C57BL/6 mice. The serum titers of UCVH-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies and the mucosal sIgA concentration increased significantly. The splenic lymphocytes also increased their secretion of key cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 A. These findings demonstrate the excellent immunogenicity of the cholera toxin B subunit-adjuvanted UCVH multi-epitope vaccine and its ability to induce potent humoral immunity and comprehensive cellular immune responses. They provide a crucial experimental foundation for further optimization of Helicobacter pylori vaccines and subsequent studies on anti-infective protection.