Research Progress on Nicotine Control Methods in Tobacco Products.

This paper systematically reviews recent research progress on nicotine control methods in tobacco products, with a focus on various strategies including the regulation of internal tobacco components (such as organic acids, pH, polyols, and moisture content) and the application of external functional materials (e.g., bacterial cellulose-based sustained-release systems and MOF composites). The mechanisms and control efficacy of these approaches are elaborated, along with a comparative analysis of their applicable conditions and limitations. Furthermore, emerging research directions in the precise control of nicotine release are discussed, including multi-factor coupling regulation, material structure design, and release kinetic modeling. By systematically examining the strengths and weaknesses of existing technologies, product-specific and condition-dependent internal control strategies are summarized for different tobacco products based on the available evidence. Finally, future prospects are outlined, including the development of intelligent sustained-release materials, the construction of multi-path synergistic regulation systems, and the integration of toxicological assessments to achieve comprehensive optimization of product quality and health risks. This review aims to provide a mechanistic basis for the rational design of nicotine release control strategies in tobacco products.