Beneficial Effects of Pulmonary Vasodilators on Pre-Capillary Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis, comorbid pulmonary hypertension (PH) aggravates exercise tolerance and eventually worsens the prognosis. The treatment strategy for pre-capillary PH, including combined pre- and post-capillary PH (Cpc-PH), has not been established.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pulmonary vasodilators on exercise tolerance and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with CKD on hemodialysis.

METHODS AND

RESULTS

The medical records of 393 patients with suspected PH who underwent right heart catheterization were reviewed. Of these, seven patients had isolated pre-capillary PH and end-stage CKD on hemodialysis. Pulmonary vasodilators decreased pulmonary vascular resistance from 5.9 Wood units (interquartile range (IQR), 5.5-7.6) at baseline to 3.1 Wood units (IQR, 2.6-3.3) post-treatment (p = 0.02) as well as increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 10 mmHg (IQR, 7-11) to 11 mmHg (IQR, 8-16) (p = 0.04). Pulmonary vasodilators increased the World Health Organization functional class I or II from 0% to 100% (p = 0.0002) and the 6 min walk distance from 273 m (IQR, 185-365) to 490 m (IQR, 470-550) (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Pulmonary vasodilators for PH in patients with CKD on hemodialysis decrease pulmonary vascular resistance and eventually improve exercise tolerance. Pulmonary vasodilators may help hemodialysis patients with pre-capillary PH, although careful management considering the risk of pulmonary edema is required.