BMC infectious diseases · 2026
Serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae in cholera outbreak areas of East and Central Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2024.
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Hassen Jemal, Bekele Mesfin, Botore Abera, Mannekulih Ephrem, Kenate Birhanu, Kibebew Tesfaye, Bafikadu Chala, Zewdie Abate, Worku Dawit, Shumi Gemechu, Getachew Tesfaye
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the consumption of food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae serotypes Ogawa and Inaba. Historically, Vibrio cholerae has remained susceptible to several key antibiotics. However, resistance to older antibiotics has been increasingly reported worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of Vibrio cholerae serotypes and their susceptibility patterns in the cholera outbreak areas of the East and central Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2024.
METHOD: The study was conducted on isolates recovered from stool specimens collected from Cholera Outbreak areas of East and Central Oromia Region in 2024. The study design used was a laboratory-based retrospective cross-sectional study. Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on isolates identified after enrichment in alkaline peptone water, (BIOMARK Laboratories, India). Presumptive screening of the isolates was performed using the Oxidase test (HiMedia, India), string test (Liofilchem, Italy), and other standard biochemical tests. Presumptive identification with O1 and O139 antisera (Hardy Diagnostics, USA) was carried out using the slide agglutination method with polyvalent O1 or O139 antisera. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were assessed using the disk diffusion method.
RESULTS: All isolates tested for identification of Vibrio cholerae suspects were found to be serogroup O1. Of these Ogawa accounts for 62% and Inaba for 38%. Complete (100%) resistance was observed for cefepime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, very high resistance rates were found for cefuroxime sodium (93.0%) and ampicillin-sulbactam (93%). Tetracycline also exhibited significant resistance at 76.2%, while cefoxitin and ampicillin showed substantial resistance at 56.1% and 40.5%, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (69.0%) and levofloxacin were moderately effective, but also displayed notable resistance rates 31.0% and 26.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION AND INTERPRETATION: All Vibrio cholerae isolates identified in this study belong to serogroup O1, with the Ogawa serotype being more prevalent than Inaba. The isolates demonstrated extensive resistance to multiple commonly used antibiotics, including a complete resistance to several cephalosporins, piperacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, alongside high resistance to tetracycline and other agents. Although ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin showed comparatively better activity, the presence of considerable resistance highlights a narrowing range of effective treatment options and underscores the need for ongoing antimicrobial resistance monitoring.
METHOD: The study was conducted on isolates recovered from stool specimens collected from Cholera Outbreak areas of East and Central Oromia Region in 2024. The study design used was a laboratory-based retrospective cross-sectional study. Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on isolates identified after enrichment in alkaline peptone water, (BIOMARK Laboratories, India). Presumptive screening of the isolates was performed using the Oxidase test (HiMedia, India), string test (Liofilchem, Italy), and other standard biochemical tests. Presumptive identification with O1 and O139 antisera (Hardy Diagnostics, USA) was carried out using the slide agglutination method with polyvalent O1 or O139 antisera. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were assessed using the disk diffusion method.
RESULTS: All isolates tested for identification of Vibrio cholerae suspects were found to be serogroup O1. Of these Ogawa accounts for 62% and Inaba for 38%. Complete (100%) resistance was observed for cefepime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, very high resistance rates were found for cefuroxime sodium (93.0%) and ampicillin-sulbactam (93%). Tetracycline also exhibited significant resistance at 76.2%, while cefoxitin and ampicillin showed substantial resistance at 56.1% and 40.5%, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (69.0%) and levofloxacin were moderately effective, but also displayed notable resistance rates 31.0% and 26.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION AND INTERPRETATION: All Vibrio cholerae isolates identified in this study belong to serogroup O1, with the Ogawa serotype being more prevalent than Inaba. The isolates demonstrated extensive resistance to multiple commonly used antibiotics, including a complete resistance to several cephalosporins, piperacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, alongside high resistance to tetracycline and other agents. Although ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin showed comparatively better activity, the presence of considerable resistance highlights a narrowing range of effective treatment options and underscores the need for ongoing antimicrobial resistance monitoring.