Molecular mechanisms in renal degenerative disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide. Therefore, a considerable effort is currently directed to understand the molecular mechanisms of renal degenerative processes. Regardless of their initiating cause, all chronic kidney diseases (CKD) develop at some level organ fibrosis that interferes with kidney function. This is also true for the two most common inherited CKD syndromes, nephronophthitis and polycystic kidney disease, whose primary defects reside within the cilium of kidney epithelial cells. A cohort of elegant recent studies has elicited the role of the primary cilium as a versatile mechanosensory organelle that also might coordinate cross-talk between multiple signaling pathways. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms are now realized to be essential in the maintenance of adult renal architecture. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the signaling systems implicated in kidney homeostasis and repair.