Effect of nursing in the head elevated tilt position (15 degrees) on the incidence of bradycardic and hypoxemic episodes in preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated whether nursing in the head elevated tilt position (HETP), compared with the horizontal position, has any effect on the incidence of bradycardic and hypoxemic episodes in preterm infants.

METHODS

Twelve spontaneously breathing preterm infants with idiopathic recurrent apnea were studied in a randomized controlled crossover trial. Nine infants were treated with aminophylline. Each spent a total of 24 hours in the horizontal prone position and a total of 24 hours in HETP (prone, 15 degrees). The position was changed in random order every 6 hours. Thoracic impedance, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded continuously. The frequency of isolated hypoxemia (arterial saturation <80%), of isolated bradycardia (heart rate <90 beats per minute), and of mixed events was analyzed and compared without knowledge of the allocated position.

RESULTS

In total, there were significantly fewer bradycardic and/or hypoxemic episodes (28.2%) in HETP compared with the horizontal position (mean difference, 13.35 episodes/24 hours; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9- 20.8). The decrease was largest for isolated hypoxemic episodes (48.5%; mean difference, 11.74 episodes/24 hours; 95% CI: 6.1-17.4). Isolated bradycardic episodes (mean difference, 2.27 episodes/24 hours; 95% CI: -0.78-5.31) and mixed events were not decreased significantly in HETP.

CONCLUSIONS

Nursing in a moderately tilted position (15 degrees) reduces hypoxemic events in preterm infants. This intervention is easy to apply, quickly reversible, and can be combined with drugs such as aminophylline.