Double jeopardy: conflict and natural disasters-driven cholera outbreaks in Sudan.

Cholera continues to be a global threat, particularly in regions affected by conflict and environmental shocks, such as Sudan. Such humanitarian crises disrupt sanitation, water, and health systems, exacerbating cholera transmission. Overcrowded camps from displacement, poor hygiene, and weak surveillance further contribute to the outbreaks even beyond national borders. This paper explores armed conflict-driven crises and population movement as epidemiological drivers of cholera. It highlights the critical need for integrated, multisectoral strategies combining vaccination, water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, and early detection systems. The interventions are necessary for mitigating outbreaks and building long-term resilience in such fragile settings.