PFKFB3 as a multifaceted driver and therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the advanced stage of prostate cancer (PCa) progression, characterized by limited therapeutic options and significant challenges from drug resistance development. We show that PFKFB3, an essential regulator of glycolytic metabolism, is significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and CRPC cell lines, where it plays a pivotal role in driving CRPC progression. Knockdown of PFKFB3 or inhibition by a small molecule inhibitor significantly inhibits the growth and invasion of CRPC cells, whereas overexpression promotes malignant behaviors. Mechanistically, PFKFB3 modulates the PI3K/Akt-Wnt/β-catenin pathway, resulting in enhanced tumor cell proliferation. Additionally, combining a PFKFB3 inhibitor with docetaxel produces synergistic anti-CRPC effects and reduces toxicity. Therefore, PFKFB3-mediated metabolic reprogramming underlies CRPC progression, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target and emphasizing the need for further exploration in the development of safe and effective PFKFB3 inhibitors for precise targeted therapy in CRPC.