Hand infections--the academic surgeon's perspective. 2. A rundown of various causes.

A large number of organisms can cause infections of the hand, and they can enter the body in a number of ways--in animal or human bites, in punctures, by direct inoculation, or through the bloodstream, intravenous needles, or prosthetic implantation procedures. In addition, all types of scratches and abrasions can become contaminated--by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and a wide variety of marine organisms. When the body's defenses are impaired by disease or other factors, the organisms are more likely to take hold. Treatment depends on the organism involved and the extent of infection, but proper wound care and aseptic technique are paramount in all cases.