Forensic medical expertise in the event of sexual and physical violence in Russia.

Scientific investigation has made it possible to gather new evidence of sexual violence in a form acceptable in forensic practice, thereby helping prosecuting crimes of violence. Among the new techniques we can include: colposcopy, which allows a detailed view of a ruptured hymen as well as an evaluation of the degree of hyperemia of the vaginal vestibule as consequence of recent penetration by the penis or other objects; the morphology and dynamics of spermatozoa collected from the vagina, as well as from the cervical canal, which allows a careful determination of their viability and mobility.