Construction of biomimetic nanomedicine delivery system based on biomedical materials for treating brain diseases: A review.

Brain diseases are often characterized by a high mortality rate and high treatment difficulty, posing significant challenges to human healthcare. However, due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates brain blood vessels from brain tissue, the delivery efficacy of traditional delivery systems is limited. This makes it difficult to deliver drugs effectively to the affected areas, thereby severely limiting their therapeutic efficacy in treating these brain diseases. Recently, biomimetic drug delivery systems, particularly those based on biomaterials, have revolutionized this landscape. These systems utilize natural active substances or endogenous materials, which, when combined with therapeutic drug molecules or imaging agents, leverage their inherent biological properties to achieve effective brain targeting and drug accumulation. Compared with traditional drug delivery systems, they offer advantages in terms of good biocompatibility, prolonged in vivo circulation, BBB permeability, high bioavailability, and inherent targeting capabilities. Moreover, they can achieve "invisible" drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the current state of research and application scenarios of drug delivery systems based on different biomaterials for achieving brain drug delivery across the BBB. We summarize the mechanisms and design concepts of such research and explore the possibility of combining the design of such drug delivery systems with other technologies, such as gene therapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, prospects and emerging challenges will be highlighted. Given the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review is likely to open new opportunities for the treatment of brain disorders.