Current opinion in urology · 2025
Testicular germ cell tumors and molecular biomarkers.
СтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Oliveira-Lopes Bruno, Tavares Nuno Tiago, Lobo João
Аннотация
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common neoplasms in young-adult males. Despite their good prognosis and high curability, some challenges remain, namely: overtreatment, discrimination of teratoma, prediction of relapse and cisplatin resistance. Novel molecular biomarkers are being tested for future clinical implementation.
RECENT FINDINGS: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most promising approach for noninvasive diagnosis of TGCTs. MiR-371a-3p has shown high sensitivity and specificity in many studies with different approaches and is in line to enter clinical routine soon. Novel immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers like FOXA2 have been advanced for yolk sac tumor diagnosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection constitutes a promising test in the field.
SUMMARY: Further studies on additional noninvasive biomarkers with high sensitivity are necessary. In this setting, miR-371a-3p remains the most promising biomarker, approaching clinical implementation soon. Other promising approaches are being studied but to date with significantly less accuracy than miR-371a-3p. Future studies on liquid biopsies should focus on the detection of teratoma and prediction of relapse, with the field of miRNAs and ctDNA being the most promising.
RECENT FINDINGS: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most promising approach for noninvasive diagnosis of TGCTs. MiR-371a-3p has shown high sensitivity and specificity in many studies with different approaches and is in line to enter clinical routine soon. Novel immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers like FOXA2 have been advanced for yolk sac tumor diagnosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection constitutes a promising test in the field.
SUMMARY: Further studies on additional noninvasive biomarkers with high sensitivity are necessary. In this setting, miR-371a-3p remains the most promising biomarker, approaching clinical implementation soon. Other promising approaches are being studied but to date with significantly less accuracy than miR-371a-3p. Future studies on liquid biopsies should focus on the detection of teratoma and prediction of relapse, with the field of miRNAs and ctDNA being the most promising.