A randomized phase II study of everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in Chinese patients.

Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of mammalian target of mTOR, has been recently shown to have antitumor effect in a phase III, double-blind, randomized trial (RADIANT-3) of 410 patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific efficacy and safety of everolimus in the Chinese patient with PNETs. In this randomized phase II study, the analysis on Chinese patients was performed comparing efficacy and safety between everolimus 10 mg/day orally (n = 44) and matching placebo (n = 35). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Adverse events were also examined. The median PFS was 15.47 months with everolimus [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.52-26.37], as compared to 4.29 months with placebo (95% CI 2.22-10.75), representing a 72% reduction in the risk of progression or death (hazard ratio 0.27; 95% CI 0.13-0.59; P < 0.001). Drug-associated adverse events (AEs) were mostly grade 1 or 2, observed in all 44 (100%) patients receiving everolimus and in 29 (83%) patients receiving placebo. The most common AEs (grade 1-4) associated with everolimus were rash (n = 38; 86%), stomatitis (n = 30; 68%), infections (n = 33; 75%), epistaxis (n = 32; 73%), pneumonitis (n = 27; 61%) and anemia (n = 22; 50%). Everolimus when compared with placebo is effectively in improving PFS in Chinese patients with PNETs.