In-vitro study and in-vivo zebrafish model to minimize the toxic effects of implant (CoCrMo particles) by antioxidants.

Total hip replacement (THR) is the standard of care for end-stage hip joint disorders; however, corrosion of THR components and the resulting release of metal ions and particles can lead to tissue microenvironmental toxicity. This study examines the corrosion-inhibiting properties and toxicity-mitigating effects of antioxidants, including Vitamin E, carvacrol, and eugenol. The study focused on the role of antioxidants in minimizing corrosion and whether they can moderate the toxicity associated with CoCrMo Particles. The role of antioxidants in inhibiting cytotoxicity of CoCrMo particles was studied in vitro using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, and their ability to mitigate the toxicity of the wear particles was investigated in vivo using the Zebrafish model. The electrochemical experiments were performed using simulated synovial fluid containing 2.5 ppm of each antioxidant individually. The survival and heartbeat rates were observed along with the cells that line the zebrafish's lateral line. The results suggested that the antioxidants and protein present in the electrolyte exerted additive effects in inhibiting the electrochemical degradation of the alloy. Antioxidants play a role in minimizing both the corrosion and the toxicity of CoCrMo particles in osteoblast cells and in the zebrafish model.