Tropical gastrointestinal infections of contemporary public health importance.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several gastrointestinal diseases have emerged in the recent decade, representing significant public health problems in the tropics. We aim to review advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cholera, typhoid fever, and parasitic diseases.

RECENT FINDINGS: Cholera cases are increasing each year, yet few vaccines are available to prevent it. Simplifying single-dose regimens of oral vaccines is promising. Typhoid fever incidence and mortality rates are decreasing, but antibiotic resistance is rising. Typhoid conjugate vaccines are the most efficacious, but several issues remain unsolved regarding their implementation.

SUMMARY: Despite better epidemiological tools, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic alternatives, the diarrheal diseases reviewed remain a significant public health problem in the tropics. If a reduction in their burden is aimed at the short- term, investment in water access, sanitation, hygiene, and better vaccines is needed.