Plasmatic Profiling of Individuals With Combinations of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the global profile of plasmatic proteins of individuals affected simultaneously or not by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, well/poorly-controlled), Dyslipidemia (DL), and Periodontitis (P).

METHODS

Besides periodontal examination, plasma was collected for glycemic, and lipid analyses from 150 individuals divided into five groups. The same plasma was submitted to global proteomic investigation using the Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), following searching data in the UniProt catalog by Proteome Discoverer 1.3. Funcional enrichment was evaluated by Cytoscape.

RESULTS

In groups (G1)T2DMpoorly-DL-P, (G2)T2DMwell-DL-P, and (G3)DL-P, the presence of positively regulated CO4A (mediator of the inflammatory complement cascade) and TTN (sarcomeric protein linked to insulin-dependent muscle stiffness) proteins was observed, similar to VDBP (vitamin D transporter and systemic inflammatory modulator) protein in groups (G2)T2DMwell-DL-P and (G3)DL-P. Among others, LDLR, DST, SYNE1 (mediators of the lipid homeostasis axis and nuclear-cytoskeletal integrity) and Ceruloplasmin (involved in iron metabolism and oxidative stress regulation) proteins were exclusively found in respective (G1)T2DMpoorly-DL-P, (G2)T2DMwell-DL-P, (G3)DL-P and (G4)Perio groups. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated complement binding, DNA metabolism and repair among the most up-regulated PPI.

CONCLUSION

Each of the combined pathological conditions exhibited a distinct plasmatic proteomic profile. This specificity provides a foundation for future studies to functionally characterize the identified upregulated proteins, both unique and shared. Our findings, therefore, contribute to the identification of potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for each of these disease scenarios.