Coxiellosis in Dogs-A Hitherto Masked Zoonosis in India: An Insight From Seromolecular Investigation and Risk Factor Analysis.

Coxiellaburnetii is an airborne bacterial zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever/coxiellosis in humans and animals. Although dogs are suspected of transmitting Q fever to humans in past outbreaks, the prevalence of C. burnetii in the Indian dog population and risk factors for infection remain unknown. In this study, 452 dogs from pet clinics in three Indian states were screened for coxiellosis using molecular (Trans-PCR, Com 1-PCR) and serological (IFAT) tests. C. burnetii DNA was detected in 0.44% of blood samples using Trans-PCR, and pathogen-specific antibodies were found in 4.20% of sera using IFAT. Contact with stray dogs and ownership by farmers were identified as risk factors for canine coxiellosis. This study appears to be the first systematic assessment of coxiellosis and associated risk factors among dogs in India. A large-scale assessment of canine coxiellosis and its risk factors is warranted among pets and high-risk occupational groups in India.