Report of four simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants in HIV-positive recipients with favorable outcomes.

The advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) dramatically changed the view of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as an exclusion criterion for solid organ transplantation, resulting in worldwide reports of successful transplants in HIV-infected individuals. However, there are few reports on simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in HIV-positive recipients detailing poor outcomes. A series of four pancreas-kidney transplant performed on HIV-infected individuals between 2006 and 2009 is presented. All recipients reached stably undetectable HIV-RNA after transplantation. All patients experienced early posttransplant infections (median day 30, range 9-128) with urinary tract infections and bacteremia being most commonly observed. In all cases, surgical complications led to laparotomic revisions (median day 18, range 1-44); two patients underwent cholecystectomy. One steroid-responsive acute renal rejection (day 79) and one pancreatic graft failure (month 64) occurred. Frequent dose adjustments were required due to interference between cART and immunosuppressants. At a median follow-up of 45 months (range, 26-67) we observed 100% patient survival with CD4 cell count >300 cells/mm(3) for all patients. Although limited by its small number, this case series represents the largest reported to date with encouraging long-term outcomes in HIV-positive pancreas-kidney transplant recipients.