Role of preoperative circulating tumor DNA in predicting occult metastases in resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND

Some patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may have distant metastases, undetected on preoperative imaging or early recurrence, within 6 months after surgery. Occult metastases (OMs) must be accurately predicted to optimize multidisciplinary treatment.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in predicting OM.

METHODS

Two Japanese institutions prospectively collected preoperative plasma samples from PDAC patients between July 2019 and September 2021 and evaluated ctDNA using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel covering 52 cancer-related genes.

RESULTS

Among 135 PDAC patients, 38 had OM and 35 were positive for ctDNA. The ctDNA positivity rate was significantly higher in patients with OM than in patients without OM. ctDNA-positive patients had significantly shorter median recurrence-free survival than ctDNA-negative patients. Logistic multivariate regression revealed ctDNA positivity as an independent predictor of OM.

CONCLUSION

Preoperative ctDNA in resectable PDAC is an independent predictor of OM and indicates poor prognosis following pancreatectomy and may be a useful biomarker in determining multidisciplinary patient care.