Prospects of CCUS technology under resource utilization and environmental risks.

Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a critical technology for global climate mitigation, supporting low-carbon fossil fuel use and decarbonization in hard-to-abate sectors. However, different CCUS technologies exhibit distinct trade-offs in terms of energy consumption, resource utilization, and environmental impacts. This review systematically evaluates energy consumption patterns, resource utilization implications, and associated environmental risks of CCUS technologies across the full chain. Key findings reveal that while CCUS helps address energy security and enables negative emissions, it imposes substantial additional energy demands. Resource efficiency improvements are possible through reduced water use and enhanced land productivity, contributing to socioeconomic benefits. However, large-scale deployment introduces environmental risks, such as CO2 leakage, acidification, and supply-chain vulnerabilities. Based on systematic assessment, we propose development pathways to optimize CCUS integration and risk management, supporting informed policy and technological advancement.