Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology · 2016
Cadmium Exposure Enhances Bisphenol A-Induced Genotoxicity through 8-Oxoguanine-DNA Glycosylase-1 OGG1 Inhibition in NIH3T3 Fibroblast Cells.
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Chen Zhi-Yu, Liu Chuan, Lu Yong-Hui, Yang Ling-Ling, Li Min, He Min-Di, Chen Chun-Hai, Zhang Lei, Yu Zheng-Ping, Zhou Zhou
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Both cadmium (Cd) and bisphenol A (BPA) are commonly encountered in humans' daily activities, but their combined genotoxic effects remain unclear.
METHODS: In the present study, we exposed a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) to Cd for 24 h, followed by a 24 h BPA exposure to evaluate toxicity. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by viability with CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). And DNA damage was measured by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) and the comet assay. The flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay and western blot against poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).
RESULTS: The results showed that Cd or BPA treatments alone (with the exception of BPA exposure at 50 μM) did not alter cell viability. However, pre-treatment with Cd aggravated the BPA-induced reduction in cell viability; increased BPA-induced LDH release, ROS production, DNA damage and G2 phase arrest; and elevated BPA-induced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression levels of cleaved PARP. Cd exposure concurrently decreased the expression of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1), whereas OGG1 over-expression abolished the enhancement of Cd on BPA-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Cd exposure aggravates BPA-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity through OGG1 inhibition.
METHODS: In the present study, we exposed a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) to Cd for 24 h, followed by a 24 h BPA exposure to evaluate toxicity. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by viability with CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). And DNA damage was measured by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) and the comet assay. The flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay and western blot against poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).
RESULTS: The results showed that Cd or BPA treatments alone (with the exception of BPA exposure at 50 μM) did not alter cell viability. However, pre-treatment with Cd aggravated the BPA-induced reduction in cell viability; increased BPA-induced LDH release, ROS production, DNA damage and G2 phase arrest; and elevated BPA-induced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression levels of cleaved PARP. Cd exposure concurrently decreased the expression of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1), whereas OGG1 over-expression abolished the enhancement of Cd on BPA-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Cd exposure aggravates BPA-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity through OGG1 inhibition.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
Air Pollutants, OccupationalAnimalsBenzhydryl CompoundsCadmium ChlorideCell SurvivalComet AssayDNA DamageDNA GlycosylasesDrug CombinationsEstrogens, Non-SteroidalG2 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsGene Expression RegulationHistonesL-Lactate DehydrogenaseMiceNIH 3T3 CellsPhenolsPhosphorylationPoly(ADP-ribose) PolymerasesReactive Oxygen SpeciesBisphenol A Compounds