DNA methylation biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease: insights and implications.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a significant consequence of diabetes, markedly contributing to the global burden of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD, a substantial public health challenge, is characterized by elevated urinary albumin excretion and/or reduced glomerular filtration rate. As the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), comprehending the prevalence of DKD and investigating relevant biomarkers for diagnosis is imperative. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, involving both genetic and epigenetic factors. Among these factors, DNA methylation has surfaced as a pivotal element, offering insights into the progression of DKD and potential therapeutic targets. This review endeavors to synthesize current research on DNA methylation biomarkers in DKD, emphasizing advances and potential clinical applications.