Hyperbilirubinemia: new approaches to an old problem.

Hyperbilirubinemia continues to be a common problem of the term and near-term neonate. Each year more than 60% of infants born in the United States develop jaundice, making it difficult at times to differentiate jaundice due to pathologic reasons from jaundice due to physiologic ones. Now, the knowledge that bilirubin may even have a beneficial role as an antioxidant has caused a great deal of renewed interest in the management of jaundice. The American Academy of Pediatrics has published revised guidelines for management of neonatal jaundice that have resulted in much discussion. The article reviews current theories of bilirubin production and clearance, noninvasive and nonintrusive techniques to assess and care for jaundice, and newer concepts of preventive and treatment modalities from a nursing perspective.