Delivery room respiratory management of the term and preterm infant.

The immediate newborn transition is a time of great physiologic adjustments and many infants need assistance to make a successful transition to newborn life. Assisted ventilation is the most important intervention performed during this transitional period. Noninvasive ventilation is a necessary skill for all pediatric providers because it is the most frequently required lifesaving measure provided in the delivery room. Providing ventilation in the least injurious manner is also necessary and many aspects of how this can best be done are still unknown. Following the normal physiology of fetal to neonatal transition continues to be a logical, but challenging, approach to initial ventilatory support of the newborn in the delivery room.