PEGylation Can Effectively Strike a Balance in siRNA Delivery Performances of Guanidinylated Linear Synthetic Polypeptides with Potential Use for Transcriptional Gene Silencing.

The prevailing design philosophy for polymeric vectors delivering siRNA is rooted in the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mechanism. Yet, the transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) mechanism offers a potentially more durable silencing effect, which necessitates efficient siRNA delivery into the nucleus. However, it remains a challenge for the polymeric vectors to efficiently deliver siRNA into the nucleus. We have explored guanidinylated cyclic synthetic polypeptides (GCSPs) to enhance the nuclear delivery of siRNA, but an increased cytotoxicity and difficulty in producing the GCSPs on a large scale limit their utility. Herein, we simply prepare PEGylated guanidinylated linear synthetic polypeptides (PGLSPs) exhibiting improved membrane penetration, direct siRNA transport to the nucleus, reduced toxicity, high cellular uptake, and mitigation of protein corona formation. The PEGylation can effectively balance the vector's nuclear delivery capacity with other critical aspects of performances for siRNA delivery. Therefore, the PGLSPs hold promise as TGS-based delivery vectors, offering potential for future therapeutic applications.