Biochemical, histological, and computational insights into the protective effects of Moringa alterniflora polysaccharides against BPA-induced liver damage.

The protective effects of Moringa alterniflora leaf polysaccharides (MALP) against bisphenol A-induced liver toxicity were evaluated. Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6): Controls (group I): rats drank distilled water; BPA-group was administrated daily a bisphenol A (50 mg/kg bw); BPA + MALP group received both 50 mg/kg BPA and 100 mg/Kg of MASP; the MALP-group was taken as positive control. BPA and MALP solution were administered via gavage. Our findings showed that concomitant MALP therapy prevented liver injury as evidenced by significantly reduction of the elevated MDA and NO levels and the improvement of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants in the liver of BPA-treated rats. Additionally, MALP treatment led to enhanced biochemical markers and alleviate perturbations of lipid profile indicating improved liver function. The protective effects of MALP were further corroborated by histopathological examinations. Molecular docking findings demonstrated that MALP compounds have binding affinities at key interaction sites of proteins that rival or even exceed those of BPA. This suggests MALP can block BPA from interacting with key sites, potentially protecting liver cells from BPA-induced toxicity. Our data highlights the ethnopharmacological relevance of MALP to mitigate BPA-induced liver damage. Our study demonstrates that MALP-derived molecules suppress oxidative stress and reduces tissue injury. A plausible hepatoprotective mechanism was proposed via molecular docking study. Those findings support MALP role as a natural agent for counteracting BPA's harmful effects on endocrine pathways, contributing to the development of effective, natural therapeutic strategies.