Tracheotomy, closure of long-term tracheostomy and standard tracheal segmental resections.

Tracheotomy is a surgical procedure commonly employed to establish stable and long-term airway access. Iatrogenic airway injury post procedure may have serious consequences with limited treatment options. Tracheostoma or long standing tracheostomies require special closing techniques. Tracheotomies, tracheostomies, complications of these and treatment options, long standing tracheostomy closure techniques, and standard tracheal segmental resections are discussed.