Effect of Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock of Any Cause: Insights from a Single-Centre, Prospective Registry.

BACKGROUND

Data regarding the short-term prognostic impact of hemoglobin levels in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients is limited. The study examines the prognostic impact of hemoglobin levels in patients with CS.

METHODS

Consecutive patients with CS of any etiology from 2019 to 2021 were included at one institution. Hemoglobin levels were retrieved from the day of admission (i.e., day 1), and on days 2, 3, 4, and 8 of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment thereafter. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality. Statistical analyses included univariable t-tests, Spearman´s correlations, C-statistics, Kaplan-Meier analyses as well as multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses.

RESULTS

From a total of 250 consecutive patients admitted with CS, 54% died within 30 days. Hemoglobin levels on day 4 and on day 8 were associated with moderate discrimination for 30-day all-cause mortality (area under the curve (AUC) 0.598 - 0.666), whereas hemoglobin level on day 1 was not predictive for 30-day all-cause mortality (AUC = 0.504). There was no association with 30-day all-cause mortality when stratified by the presence of anemia (defined as hemoglobin level < 12 g/dL) on day 1 (54% vs. 55%; log rank p = 0.906; HR = 0.981; 95% CI 0.698 - 1.378; p = 0.910). However, a decrease of hemoglobin by > 2 g/dL from day 1 to day 3 of ICU treatment was associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (56% vs. 41%; log rank p = 0.014; HR = 1.831; 95% CI 1.108 - 3.026; p = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONS

Hemoglobin levels on day 1 were not associated with prognosis in CS. However, an early decrease of hemoglobin levels from day 1 to day 3 indicated impaired short-term prognosis in CS patients.