Percutaneous closure of iatrogenic ventricular septal defect following surgical aortic valve replacement using two different approaches.

Iatrogenic ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare complication following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). In this report, we describe two cases of iatrogenic VSD following SAVR (both mechanical and bioprosthetic aortic valve), which were successfully closed with two different percutaneous techniques (retro-aortic and transseptal approach). The report discusses the differences in the techniques and the literature supporting the procedure.