Current understanding of the etiology of cyclic vomiting syndrome and therapeutic strategies in its management.

INTRODUCTION

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic-debilitating disorder of the gut-brain interaction and is characterized by recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting.Recent studies indicate that it is common and affects 2% of the US population. Unfortunately, there is significant heterogeneity in the management of these patients in the medical community. This review article aims to bridge this gap and reviews the epidemiology and etiology with a focus on the management of CVS.

AREAS COVERED: This article reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of CVS and its impact on patients. It also discusses management based on recent guidelines intended for the busy clinician. A literature search was done using PubMed, and keywords 'cyclic vomiting,' 'management,' 'etiology,' and pathophysiology were used to identify articles of importance.

EXPERT OPINION: CVS is a complex, poorly understood disorder of gut-brain interaction and has a significant negative impact on patients, families, and the healthcare system. Recent guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary approach to management using prophylactic therapy for moderate-severe CVS and abortive medication for acute flares. However, more research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology and develop targeted therapies for CVS.