Perventricular closure on the beating heart: an effective hybrid approach in managing a postinfarction apical ventricular septal defect.

Postinfarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction. Surgical repair of this type of VSD is associated with a high mortality rate. We present a technique of using perventricular closure for a postinfarction apical VSD without cardiopulmonary bypass.