Gene expression analysis in cardiac tissues from infants identifies candidate agents for Tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic heart defect and the most common cause of blue baby syndrome. Although great progress has been made, the molecular mechanisms of TOF are far from being fully understood, and treatment of this disease remains palliative. In this study, we downloaded gene expression data of TOF subjects with those of normally developing subjects from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and employed computational bioinformatics analyses to compare their gene expression patterns. Furthermore, small molecules that induce inverse gene changes to TOF were identified. A total of 2,274 genes involved in energy metabolism and protein binding were differentially expressed in TOF samples compared with samples from normal controls. Pathways associated with cellular oxygen tension were dysfunctional. In addition, we identified a group of small molecules that may be exploited as adjuvant drug to alleviate some symptoms for TOF patients. These drugs are clearly a direction that warrants additional consideration.