[Applications of chatbots in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education: an emerging tool with transformative potential].

In recent years, artificial intelligence has rapidly transitioned from a theoretical promise to a practical ally in medical education. Among its most accessible tools, chatbots powered by large language models stand out for their ability to simulate clinical scenarios, facilitate autonomous learning, and personalize feedback. In this article, we examine the pedagogical value and challenges of integrating chatbots into both undergraduate and postgraduate medical training. Beyond a narrative review of the literature, we describe three original implementations developed in academic and clinical settings: (1) chatbots simulating virtual patients to enhance interviewing and communication skills, (2) a virtual assistant for teaching respiratory physiology, and (3) a decision-support tool to guide critical care drug titration. Finally, we propose a research agenda aimed at evaluating the impact of these technologies on clinical reasoning, student motivation, and the overall quality of medical education.