Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2003
The efficacy of training for three manual handling strategies based on the observation of expert and novice workers.
Клиническое исследованиеСравнительное исследованиеСтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Gagnon M
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of training for three manual handling strategies, i.e. load tilting/hands positioning, shoulders positioning and feet orientation based on the observation of the contrasted strategies of expert and novice workers and free practice using a search approach.
DESIGN: Ten novice male workers were tested at pre-training (one trial) and post-training with homogeneous boxes (three trials) and heterogeneous boxes (two trials) sampled from two sessions. Training took place with homogeneous boxes whereas heterogeneous boxes were new situations.
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of training programs in safe handling and the repetition of specified techniques are contested; they should rather be based on expert workers' strategies.
METHODS: Pre-training and post-training trials were analyzed with five video cameras and a large force plate. The biomechanical variables included three safety criteria: net 3D resulting moments at L5/S1, asymmetry of posture/efforts at L5/S1 and mechanical work on load; kinematics and ergonomic variables were used as explicative variables.
RESULTS: Training produced safer strategies by reducing mechanical work and back extensor moments; this occurred in both load conditions, an indication of the transfer of knowledge. These strategies consisted of changes in load maneuvers (tilting/hand positioning) and feet orientation.
CONCLUSIONS: Training programs should be based on observations of workers.
RELEVANCE: These results may guide the specialists involved in training programs. Training based on a search approach by the learner and anchored on observations of contrasted strategies (load tilts/hands positioning and feet orientation) by experts and novices appears promising for safe handling.
DESIGN: Ten novice male workers were tested at pre-training (one trial) and post-training with homogeneous boxes (three trials) and heterogeneous boxes (two trials) sampled from two sessions. Training took place with homogeneous boxes whereas heterogeneous boxes were new situations.
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of training programs in safe handling and the repetition of specified techniques are contested; they should rather be based on expert workers' strategies.
METHODS: Pre-training and post-training trials were analyzed with five video cameras and a large force plate. The biomechanical variables included three safety criteria: net 3D resulting moments at L5/S1, asymmetry of posture/efforts at L5/S1 and mechanical work on load; kinematics and ergonomic variables were used as explicative variables.
RESULTS: Training produced safer strategies by reducing mechanical work and back extensor moments; this occurred in both load conditions, an indication of the transfer of knowledge. These strategies consisted of changes in load maneuvers (tilting/hand positioning) and feet orientation.
CONCLUSIONS: Training programs should be based on observations of workers.
RELEVANCE: These results may guide the specialists involved in training programs. Training based on a search approach by the learner and anchored on observations of contrasted strategies (load tilts/hands positioning and feet orientation) by experts and novices appears promising for safe handling.