Diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis is frequently seen by primary care providers. Symptoms include rhinorrhea, itching of nose and eyes, nasal congestion, and sneezing. They occur when the patient is exposed to antigens stimulating mediator release. History is essential to assist differential diagnosis and provide education. This article reviews common findings of the physical exam, diagnostic testing, and differential diagnosis. The first line of treatment is avoidance, followed by medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal steroids. If these treatments are not effective, then referral to an allergist is necessary for further workup and possible treatment with immunotherapy.