Surgical treatment and complications of urinary incontinence.

Numerous surgical approaches to the management of incontinence, particularly genuine stress incontinence, have been reported. No single operation is a panacea for the condition, and many factors must be taken into account before deciding which procedure is best tailored to an individual's needs. The procedures vary in their results, morbidity, and associated complications. Awareness of these previous complications encourages their avoidance and permits better management should they occur.