IL-15 in CAR engineering: striking an efficacy-safety balance.

Interleukin (IL)-15 engineering in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-cell therapy has demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy against both hematological malignancies and solid tumors in recent clinical trials. However, increased cytokine release syndrome (CRS) toxicity is primarily observed in conventional CAR-T cells, underscoring the need to balance safety and efficacy in IL-15-enhanced CAR therapy for clinical application.