Why Turner patients with 45, X monosomy should not be excluded from fertility preservation services.

In this case report, we highlight the practical dilemma, i.e. to perform ovarian tissue cryopreservation surgery in a 45, X Turner Syndrome patient or not, by reporting on the presence of follicles in a 13-year-old female diagnosed with 45, X monosomy and an unmeasurable anti-müllerian hormone serum level. We compare our results with previous research, highlight the challenges we faced in this case and provide recommendations for daily practice. Hereby, we demonstrate that excluding certain subgroups of Turner Syndrome patients (e.g. monosomy patients, and/or girls with an anti-müllerian hormone level below 2.0 ng/l) may be premature, especially based on the current state of published research data. This practical example of a challenging dilemma in the counselling of Turner Syndrome patients for fertility preservation is of interest for clinicians involved in fertility counselling and Turner Syndrome care.