Consumption of soft drinks and juices and risk of liver and biliary tract cancers in a European cohort.
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Stepien Magdalena, Duarte-Salles Talita, Fedirko Veronika, Trichopoulou Antonia, Lagiou Pagona, Bamia Christina, Overvad Kim, Tjønneland Anne, Hansen Louise, Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine, Fagherazzi Guy, Severi Gianluca, Kühn Tilman, Kaaks Rudolf, Aleksandrova Krasimira, Boeing Heiner, Klinaki Eleni, Palli Domenico, Grioni Sara, Panico Salvatore, Tumino Rosario, Naccarati Alessio, Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas, Peeters Petra H, Skeie Guri, Weiderpass Elisabete, Parr Christine L, Quirós José Ramón, Buckland Genevieve, Molina-Montes Esther, Amiano Pilar, Chirlaque Maria-Dolores, Ardanaz Eva, Sonestedt Emily, Ericson Ulrika, Wennberg Maria, Nilsson Lena Maria, Khaw Kay-Tee, Wareham Nick, Bradbury Kathryn E, Ward Heather A, Romieu Isabelle, Jenab Mazda
Аннотация
METHODS: After 11.4 years of follow-up, 191 HCC, 66 IHBC and 236 GBTC cases were identified. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR; 95% CI) were estimated with Cox regression models with multivariable adjustment (baseline total energy intake, alcohol consumption and intake pattern, body mass index, physical activity, level of educational attainment and self-reported diabetes status).
RESULTS: No risk associations were observed for IHBC or GBTC. Combined soft drinks consumption of >6 servings/week was positively associated with HCC risk: HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11-3.02, p trend = 0.01 versus non-consumers. In sub-group analyses available for 91% of the cohort artificially sweetened soft drinks increased HCC risk by 6% per 1 serving increment (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09, n cases = 101); for sugar-sweetened soft drinks, this association was null (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.95-1.06; n cases = 127, p heterogeneity = 0.07). Juice consumption was not associated with HCC risk, except at very low intakes (<1 serving/week: HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.38-0.95; p trend = 0.02 vs. non-consumers).
CONCLUSIONS: Daily intake of combined soft drinks is positively associated with HCC, but a differential association between sugar and artificially sweetened cannot be discounted. This study provides some insight into possible associations of HCC with sugary drinks intake. Further exploration in other settings is required.