A rare case of vena cava leiomyoma: A case report.

Intravascular leiomyoma is an uncommon disease and depending of vascular involvement and anesthetic challenge. We review a case of a 53-year-old woman who underwent vena cava leiomyoma resection under cardiopulmonary bypass using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Invasive hemodynamic and neurologic monitoring, transesophageal echocardiography, and viscoelastic coagulation test were used during the procedure. Total surgical resection was accomplished with no complications and the patient was extubated 2 days after surgery without cardiac or neurologic deficit. Although uncommon, level IV intravascular leiomyoma surgery is a challenge because the total resection needs DHCA, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times. These conditions expose the patient to the risk of coagulopathy, low cardiac output syndrome, and neurologic deficit.