[Hemothorax complicated with celiac artery compression syndrome (CACS); report of a case].

We report a case of hemothorax complicated with celiac artery compression syndrome (CACS). A 43-year-old man presented with a sudden onset left back pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed its hemothorax, esophageal artery aneurysm and severe stenosis of the celiac truncus with its anterior compression by median accurate ligament, and a diagnosis of CACS associated with rupture of the aneurysm was made. Emergent transcatheter arterial embolization of the aneurysm resulted in a technical failure, although the patient's condition was stable and performed esophageal artery ligation through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on day 5 after onset. After surgery, the patient recovered without significant incidents. A cause of this aneurysmal development was supposed to be a significantly increased esophageal arterial blood flow with its luminal dilation to compensate a decreased celiac blood flow. Segmental arterial mediolysis could not be excluded as another cause.