Phonological transformations in conduction aphasia.

Different explanations and subtypes of conduction aphasia are analyzed. Characteristics of literal paraphasias in parietal-insular conduction aphasia are discussed, emphasizing that paraphasias in conduction aphasia are articulatory-based (articulatory literal paraphasias) and due mainly to phoneme substitutions and phoneme deletions; they result basically in switches in phoneme manner and place of articulation. Similarities between errors in ideomotor apraxia and conduction aphasia language deficits are presented. It is proposed that language deviations (in oral as in written language) in conduction aphasia can be understood as a segmentary apraxia of speech.