Identification of bioactive constituents in Coldenia procumbens L. and its antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced Wistar albino rats.

Background Type II diabetes, a multifactorial progressive disorder is the prime concern of the twenty-first century. Modern medicine is proven effective in delaying the effects of diabetes. However, the side effects are amplified over time. In order to find relief from side effects, people are rigorously searching for alternative treatment. Objective In this study, we aim to identify the bioactive components in the Coldenia procumbens L. and assess its anti-diabetic effect. Materials and Methods Initially, the plant was extracted using chloroform and methanol. Both the extracts were analysed using IR Spectrum and NMR. The methanol extract of Coldenia procumbens L. was assessed for its anti-hyperglycaemic activity against streptozotocin induced animals. Results The IR spectrum of the extracts was compared with standard compounds and four compounds, α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, β-stigmasterol and wedelolactone was identified. Methanol extract of Coldenia procumbens L. decreased glucose levels in serum and enzymes levels. Histopathology of pancreas showed excellent recovery from the damage induced by streptozotocin. Conclusion The compounds identified in Coldenia procumbens L. have significant anti-diabetic, insulin mimetic and insulin secretory activities with their complete mechanisms already studied in detail. Also, Coldenia procumbens L. methanol extract showed significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity. The plant should be further studied to be developed as an alternative medicine.