Recent advances in targeted prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy using ultrasound imaging combined with novel nanocarriers:facilitating early detection and effective treatment of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer represents the second most prevalent malignancy among males globally, exhibiting a significantly lower 5-year survival rate in China relative to Western nations. Early diagnosis constitutes a critical factor in enhancing clinical outcomes. Ultrasound molecular imaging has emerged as a non-invasive and widely accessible diagnostic modality. Novel nanocarriers, distinguished by unique structural characteristics and modifiable surfaces, demonstrate considerable potential in oncological applications. These systems facilitate precise delivery of therapeutic agents and contrast media to tumor sites, thereby augmenting diagnostic precision and therapeutic outcomes. This review critically examines recent advancements in ultrasound-compatible nanoplatforms for prostate cancer theranostics, highlighting their roles in multimodal imaging and combinatorial therapies. The integration of advanced nanocarriers with ultrasound technology offers promising strategies for early diagnosis and overcoming limitations inherent to conventional tumor treatments, such as heterogeneous drug distribution and elevated adverse effects.