Spontaneous rupture of tuberculous spleen in a HIV seropositive patient on maintenance hemodialysis.

Spontaneous rupture of the spleen usually occurs secondary to infection, hematological disorders or infiltrative lesions of the spleen. In patients with positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who present with acute abdomen, splenic rupture should be considered as a possible cause and should additionally be investigated for co-infection with tuberculosis. Spontaneous rupture of spleen in asymptomatic patients requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We herein report on a HIV-positive patient on maintenance hemodialysis, who presented with spontaneous rupture of a tuberculous spleen.